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The Curse of the Black Pearl
ABOUT THE PRODUCTION
 Part 2

This page was created on July 7, 2003
This page was last updated on May 29, 2005


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ABOUT THIS FILM
PRODUCTION BEGINS

Click to enlargePrincipal photography on "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl" commenced on Wednesday, October 9, 2002. The first two weeks of production were spent on stages. The construction and art departments had erected the moody interior of the captain's cabin on the Black Pearl at KABC, a local news affiliate in Glendale, California. At Raleigh Studios in Manhattan Beach, they built a sizable portion of the Governor's elaborate mansion-dining room, bedrooms, hallways, linen closet, a first and second floor foyer and staircase-which the crew promptly destroyed with cannon blasts.

The three-acre bluff in Palos Verdes where Marineland, a popular southern California tourist attraction, once stood is now an empty, graded lot atop a spectacular hillside offering 180-degree, milliondollar views of the Pacific. Since the park's demise, and to the consternation of many area neighbors, every major studio has taken full advantage of the space and its breathtaking vistas. Massive suburban sprawl has made it next to impossible for productions to find undeveloped land with panoramic backdrops suitable for any historical reference. Because there are no electrical wires, no buildings standing tall against the horizon, no visible roadways, it was the perfect spot to build Port Royal's Fort Charles.

With grand parapets atop her imposing stone walls and a beautiful arched bell tower designed with a distinct Spanish flair to showcase each and every radiant sunset, what in actual fact was an 18th century military base felt more like a day camp. The immense faux fortress also included the Commodore's office, a dank prison cellblock and, in the center courtyard of the fort, a gallows to remind the townspeople just where they were.

This same location also accommodated several other set pieces including interiors and exteriors of the Governor's mansion, The Bay of Port Royal and room for background blue screen work.

The collective imagination, skill and technical expertise of production designer Brian Morris and his executive team of supervising art director Derek R. Hill, construction coordinator Bob Blackburn and set decorator Larry Dias, plus their dedicated crew of artisans, never ceased to amaze their colleagues on the shooting crew. Walking onto a set for the first time was tantamount to crossing the threshold of a time continuum and discovering a new world.

For the tropical scenes, filmmakers initially considered trying to save time and money by shooting on Catalina Island off the Long Beach coast. They soon realized, however, that they wanted a more realistic look and feel to their backdrop. "We could have considered looking at Australia and Thailand," says executive producer Bruce Hendricks. "But it would have looked like what it is- the South China Sea. We really wanted to maintain the look of the Caribbean, similar to the way we made 'Pearl Harbor'-you have to go to Pearl Harbor. We're shooting 'The Alamo' right now and it would be a cheat if we didn't go to Texas. We always want to be faithful and accurate to the subject matter because it shows on screen."

"There's a quality to the water, sand and palm trees in the Caribbean-so we knew we wanted to go there," says Verbinski.

"We ended up searching around the entire Caribbean for months," he continues. "I'm sure we looked at a minimum of 20 different islands. "It's amazing when you scout a film like this how quickly you realize that the world is insanely overpopulated," laughs the director. "You go out looking for a lush, deepwater, cul-de-sac-shaped bay, one that doesn't have a hotel sitting right in the middle of your shot. There aren't any unpopulated islands out there anymore. They just don't exist."

St. Vincent became an obvious choice for the base of operations for the production because of its geographical aspects. While it doesn't have white sand beaches, filmmakers were able to go to Petite Tabac and Grenadines to achieve that look for certain scenes. The outer islands of the Grenadines served particularly well for the abandoned island where Jack and Elizabeth are left by Captain Barbossa.

In August 2002 a small contingent of 30 left to set up offices and begin construction in the Caribbean. The main cast and crew did not follow this first wave until January 18, 2003 when everyone packed up, boarded a chartered 747, transferred to a wild ferry ride and headed south-way south. St. Vincent is not a major resort location; when the company booked every hotel room-numbering well over 325-as well as every available vacant apartment and house on the island, the production became the main attraction in town.

The people and the government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines were incredibly accommodating and supportive. It didn't take long for the crew from Hollywood (made up of Americans and Brits) to relax and adopt the pace of life in the islands. To do otherwise would prove a waste of time. Life in the West Indies simply does not revolve around agendas or deadlines. Even the local airlines run on their own timetable; cabbies charge whatever they like or whatever loose change you can dig up; most businesses close at four in the afternoon and many vendors do not open at all on either Saturday or Sunday. The hospitality of the location, however, made the prospect of filming a movie that takes place primarily in, on, or around water no less daunting. The Caribbean sets were spread over essentially 36 miles of open sea, so boats were not only used for filming, diving and working, but for transportation. Up to 400 people a day made the hour and a half round trip trek to the Wallilabu and its surrounding inlets by boat.

For a particular two-week stretch, the company put out to sea, filming on the open waters of the Caribbean, eight to thirteen miles from the reassuring shores of Wallilabu where the art department had recreated Port Royal's harbor and a comfortable base camp for the crew. With waves swelling six to eight feet, most of the cast and crew swallowed pills to combat seasickness.

From sunrise to sunset, with no land in sight, even the most fundamental aspects of life became a major aggravation and impediment for production. "It's all true what they say about shooting in water!" exclaims Verbinski. "Everything that can go wrong will go wrong, that's just the way it works. As soon as you get a boat in position the wind changes. Even if you anchor things down, everything is moving, relationships are moving. The camera is here, and we frame a shot of the actor, everything is drifting away, so either the wind is right to fill the sails, but then, the sun is in the wrong direction and if you want a good backlight then the sails are negative."

"You would be waiting to do a really substantial, meaty, dialogue-driven scene on the deck," explains Geoffrey Rush, "and then the wind would change and the smoke would blow in the wrong direction. You would have to wait for seven boats to come around. It was painstaking. as it needs to be."

"You start shooting in the morning," explains Verbinski, "and you're four miles out by the afternoon. Suddenly you've got this armada behind you trying to catch up, chasing you with sandwiches."

PRODUCTION DESIGN AND CINEMATOGRAPHY:
FROM LOS ANGELES HARBOR TO ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

Produced under rather unconventional circumstances, the filmmakers began designing and building many set pieces as well as scouting for locations before a script was complete. "I was able to do storyboards before many of the scenes were in place because a lot of the bones were already there," says Verbinski. "Brian Morris [production designer] and I would start exploring ideas, we'd discuss it with the writers, and some of them would end up in the script."

Morris enjoyed collaborating with his director. "The scale of Gore's moviemaking was very attractive and appropriate to this piece," he says. "Gore is incredibly visual. Even in his personal environment, you can tell immediately that he's got style and taste. He gave me a feeling that he trusted me to handle the job, which is always great."

The story presented contrasting motifs. On one hand, the curse and an overall sense of villainy were the most prevailing themes. On the flip side was the spit-and-polish order of the stiff, uppercrust Brits. Dariusz Wolski, who had worked with Gore Verbinski before on "The Mexican," handled cinematography chores once again on "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl."

"He was the perfect choice," says Verbinski of Wolski. "I've worked with him before but in a completely different way. 'Pirates' is about creating a definite style and design; 'The Mexican' was about the absence of style."

Like most of the crew, Wolski found shooting on water a formidable challenge. "The hardest part from a director of photography point of view was when we shot day exteriors," explains Wolski. "Normally when you shoot day exteriors, you know where the sun travels and you turn yourself around accordingly to maintain some continuity in lighting throughout the day. Now you're adding another element, which is a boat. And a boat is only going to go a certain way. It's going to go the way the wind blows."

But Wolski enjoyed the work. "It's fantastic. It's challenging-you're going out of your way to make it as good as possible; it's a big movie. But I'm really happy I've done it."

While Morris pored over paintings from the period, Wolski and Verbinski spent as much time as possible looking at old pirate movies and studying story elements and visual aspects of great adventure films. They decided to go in an even more majestic and embellished direction than their predecessors. One of the examples of this extravagance is the pirate cave where Barbossa stashes the many riches he and his crew have plundered. It was the centerpiece of the many sets constructed at Walt Disney Studios in Burbank. The largest stage on the Disney lot, Stage #2 was the same space the studio had redesigned in 1997 to accommodate Bruckheimer's enormous asteroid set for "Armageddon." The newly enlarged stage was the perfect location to build a lavishly adorned cavern complete with winding waterways, a moat, little grottos and treacherous rocky terrain.

Production designer Brian Morris was given total freedom to create the perfect pirate hideout. "Brian and Gore swung from one end of the spectrum to the other," says Bruckheimer. "A pirate lair is an utterly mythical place; creating a location like that is a dream come true for any creative mind. Of course Brian and Gore had to consider specific action and story points, but as long as the cave was built as a workable space, they had carte blanche."

It took 100 craftsmen five months to build the cave set. It was then filled with 300,000 gallons of water, a process that took three to four days, and dressed over a period of three weeks.

Set decorator Larry Dias and his staff spent a considerable amount of time researching the era and hunting for appropriate items to decorate the vast set. "It was a big job just trying to stay true to the period and to the style of movie Gore was making," says Dias. "We had to make the sets look authentic because the film has a dramatic flair, but it's also comedic; we tried to set a mood so that the atmosphere would be realistic yet theatrical at the same time.

"The treasure cave was very large and very dark," Dias describes further, "so getting the quantity and the quality of stuff these pirates have been dumping there for years was quite an undertaking."

Verbinski wanted gold everywhere. He repeated his mantra to his art department at every turn: Pirates are not art collectors-they're just after the money. "Gore would remind us that pirates are only interested in the face value of any given item," recalls Dias. "We painted hundreds of cubic feet of rock to look like gold nuggets and collected hundreds of yards of fake pearls and beads. We found a mass of odd objects that would have been looted by pirates. It was tricky; we tried to get a certain texture going without becoming too ridiculous. We were very careful in creating disorder and making the cave look haphazard, as though the pirates had taken boat loads of their loot and just dumped it in heaps wherever they found space."

Dias found two manufacturers of imitation coins, one in New Orleans used to turning out trinkets for Mardi Gras, and another company in Canada. He ordered close to a million doubloons minted in three different colors, all replicas of the "piece of eight," or Spanish silver dollar.

THE SHIPS: REAL AND IMAGINED

No pirate movie is complete without the proper pirate ships. Three ships dominate the action in "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl." Filmmakers focused on two ships within the British armada-the Interceptor, a sleek two-masted clipper purported to be the fastest vessel commissioned to His Majesty's Service; and the H.M.S. Dauntless, one of the Empire's premiere warships-and a third, with a mysterious past, starring in the title role; the Black Pearl, a galleon stolen from Captain Jack by Barbossa and his evil crew several years earlier. Few ships in existence today could pass for a vessel dating back to the 18th century. The studio and the producers initially assumed they would have to build every ship featured in the story, never imagining they would stumble across a virtual treasure trove of information and contacts who knew just where to find viable stand-ins when they hired Marine coordinator Matt O'Connor. A boating enthusiast and a marine specialist working in the film industry for over 15 years, O'Connor contacted an associate in Seattle and persuaded him to convince his board of directors to allow the production company to use their prized tall ship, along with a fully staffed crew, for an unprecedented amount of time, in a location halfway around the world from her home port, but only after making substantial structural modifications to the vessel. Les Bolton, executive director of Grace Harbor Historical Seaport Authority, which owns and operates the Lady Washington, embraced the challenge, undeterred by the obstacles such an undertaking presented. The offer was too exciting to pass up, and so the Lady Washington became a valued member of the cast, 'starring' as the Interceptor.

The Lady Washington is a full-scale period reproduction of the first American vessel to make landfall on the Pacific Northwest Coast in 1789. According to Bolton, the Lady Washington was a very appropriate choice to star as the Interceptor. "Vessels of her type were considered very handy and maneuverable, and quick to accelerate. They'd move in quickly and easily harass larger, more powerful ships, which is exactly how the Interceptor is used in the movie."

Various modifications were necessary not only to transform the Lady Washington into the Interceptor but also to make the vessel seaworthy enough to tackle the 4,500-mile trip from Port Townsend, Washington to Long Beach and then to the Caribbean. These changes included everything from re-planking sections of the deck and installing traditional grated hatch covers intended to provide ventilation for sailing in warmer climates to increasing the number of gun ports and giving the ship a fresh paint job.

The Lady Washington departed Long Beach for St. Vincent and the Grenadines on December 2nd, stopping first in Acapulco to refuel and restock. On Christmas Day they made their way through the locks of the Panama Canal. Traveling against heavy trade winds at the worst time of year, sailing through some of the very roughest weather, the ship's jib boom was completely sheared off. Once the crew retrieved the equipment that went over the side, the ship headed for the nearest port, which was Cartagena, Columbia. Once the Lady Washington was again seaworthy, they sailed on to St. Vincent, arriving on January 12th, 2003. The Lady Washington's crew was also used in front of the camera. The crew was a combination of men and women, experienced professionals as well as trainees, ranging in age from 16 to mid-50s, all of whom can now claim to have appeared as a pirate in a major motion picture, the ladies even on occasion sporting facial hair.

Stranded with no apparent way to pursue Barbossa, Jack and Will Turner have no choice but to 'borrow' a vessel, so they jump aboard the Interceptor to make way for open water. As the crew filmed running shots of the Interceptor from the deck of the Dauntless, Verbinski decided Jack Sparrow should be at the wheel, captaining the ship, while Will hoisted and trimmed the sails. Unfortunately, the actors had no clue how to do any of these things. Verbinski yelled across to the Lady Washington crew who were actually sailing the Interceptor to duck and hide so that only the two actors were visible on deck as the two ships passed one another.

"The cameras were rolling, they'd just done the sticks and next thing I know, the captain kind of disappears and it was just me by the ship's wheel, so I had to grab it," says Depp incredulously. "No one told me I'd be steering the ship. It was trial by fire. On the second take, I thought we were going to hit the Dauntless barge, and then Gore says to me, 'Johnny, come closer, bring the boat closer.' And I thought, 'Oh man, I just steered a massive ship for the first time at what felt like breakneck speed! Come closer?'" he laughs. "But we survived."

Orlando Bloom recalls the scene as well. "We were just sailing this huge ship on the open seas," he says. "I looked over my shoulder one time and there's Johnny at the wheel with the hat and the gold teeth, and there's me just yanking on a rope going, 'I can't believe I'm doing this.'"

Commodore Norrington's ship, the Dauntless, was constructed to resemble the British warship, the Victory. A famous 100-gun ship that won countless battles during its heyday, the Victory was the pride of the British fleet. Because no such ships exist today, the company was forced to recreate portions of the vessel using models of its vintage predecessor.

To create the ship, they ended up building sections of it on a floating barge docked at Pier C in Long Beach. Construction Coordinator Bob Blackburn and his crew began building the Dauntless here before moving the launch to the Port of Los Angeles for filming.

The Dauntless was one of the most innovative movie sets ever produced. Construction began before plans for the vessel were even complete. At one point, 150 people worked on construction of the floating set, which took about three and a half months to build, rain or shine. The set itself looked like a partially dissected ship with a section cut out of its port side. At completion, the ship measured 170 feet long, 34 feet wide and consisted of approximately 40,000 pounds of steel and 1,000 square feet of sails. Seven cell phones, five men, three welding hoods, two dozen tape measures, one metal cutting saw and countless tools fell overboard during construction.

Fabrication of the Black Pearl in the Long Beach Dome next to the Queen Mary was a little tamer. This stationary set was built on a moving gimbal. Blackburn's crew worked on the set for three months. Says Gore Verbinski: "The Black Pearl is a ghost ship. We shot it in sections; some on stage and some on a barge that was towed in open water." Often, the Black Pearl had a tugboat pulling it, which had to be painted out during the visual effects process.

Like any tricked-out luxury sports car on the road today, the Black Pearl is 'loaded,' equipped with all the bells and whistles, all the appropriate accoutrements of any good pirate ship. There's a good reason why both Captain Jack and Captain Barbossa lay claim to the vessel.

"The Black Pearl had to be the quintessential pirate ship," says Bruckheimer. "Gore and I agreed it had to be iconic. Because this is the ship that's caused the lifelong feud between Jack and Barbossa, to the victor go the spoils. The ship is a symbol of every treasure they've targeted."

VISUAL EFFECTS:
CREATING THE LIVING UNDEAD


"We have an added ingredient in this film," says Bruckheimer. "And that's the supernatural aspect of the story. It lends itself to incredible visual effects, so we went to ILM because they've done a great job for us in the past."

"The effect of the pirates turning into living skeletons in the moonlight adds to the level of excitement on screen," says Verbinski. "It allowed us to have even more fun with the genre and the characters. "The first time animatronics were used was in the Disney ride," the director continues. "Seeing the barking dog and the talking skeletons made you question whether or not it was real. But today's audiences are savvier because of effects. We are using computer-generated animation to achieve that same reality for today's audience."

John Knoll and a team of experts at Industrial Light & Magic were entrusted with the job of bringing the skeletal pirates to life. Under an unheard of deadline, Knoll and animation supervisor Hal Hickel started with sketches and an animatronic sample. Knoll, Bruckheimer, Verbinski and Bruce Hendricks spent countless hours discussing just how to go about illustrating the pirates to find the perfect balance between being alive yet decomposing.

Visual effects are used not only when the actors are seen transforming into skeletons, but also when each character becomes a completely animated skeleton. The filmmakers did not want to use stopmotion or other similar effects used so frequently in mythical stories.

"John Knoll and his team came up with some unique images that really impressed us," says Bruckheimer. "The time constraints ILM had to work under were unspeakable. It's amazing the detail and care that's been taken."

For Knoll and his crew, the visual effects on the picture fell into three categories: the matte paintings that are for establishing environments, the ships at sea (since there weren't complete ships for the Black Pearl and the Dauntless), and the skeletal pirates.

Creating the skeletal pirates was the most exciting aspect of the job for Knoll. "It's such a bold image. You only see them as skeletons in the moonlight, so it's always very spooky circumstances to begin with. These are cool shots."

The process of designing the skeleton pirate characters began with taking photographs of the actors in wardrobe and makeup. "Then VFX Art Director Aaron McBride spent time painting a version of each of them in skeletal form," says Knoll. "We went through a couple of revisions until we got approval from Gore on what these characters should look like."

From there, the team got 3-D scans of all the actors. "So for each of the actors we've got a full body scan and we have a more detailed head scan," continues Knoll. "We built one very detailed skeleton that has all the right bones in it. Since everyone's skeleton is a little bit different from everyone else's, the first step is to take the skeleton and kind of fit it properly inside the particular person's envelope, or 3-D scan. There's a lot of scaling and smushing to get it to fit."

A few layers of skin are then built; designers scanned turkey jerky to help them replicate what McBride calls "the dried and desiccated meat look" of the skin of the skeleton pirates. The skin is then painted with different textures and transparencies for a complex look.

Of course, all of the characters have hair, clothing and props. "The wardrobe is multi-layered, and so we need to simulate that so it all folds properly and interacts with all their props. A lot of them have sashes and muskets and swords and necklaces and all sorts of things that the cloth has to properly behave around," says Knoll.

A lot of work went into designing the individual characters so that they are recognizable in both live action and as skeletons. "Some of them have particular bits of wardrobe or particular facial features that we try to carry through," says Knoll. "Ragetti's got a wooden eye and he's skinny with bags under his eyes. Pintel has got long hair and he's bald on top, so he's got a lot of exposed skull up top. Koehler's got these really interesting dreadlocks; when he moves they sway all around. Twigg has got a beard, and he has this knit cap with a big hole exposing skull through it. Jacoby has got this very long beard-kind of in the form of dreadlocks-and he's got fuses woven into his beard. When he is fighting they are lit, so they are smoking." "When you see the characters as skeletons, you'll know immediately which pirate is which," says Verbinski. "Even when they're 100 percent computer generated and their clothing is in shreds, you'll know. Not just from the actor's voice, but from every nuance, which is why we shot entire scenes only as reference."

The most problematical challenge for filmmakers was illustrating the fight sequences; Verbinski and director of photography Dariusz Wolski were forced to rely on a combination of skill and guesswork. "It wasn't only difficult for us, it was equally demanding for our stuntmen, our stunt coordinator, and ultimately for our cameramen," says Verbinski. "They had to do a lot of handheld composition during the swordplay. First we'd photograph the British Navy and the pirates fighting. Then we'd do another reference pass with just the Navy, followed by another with just the pirates. The guys are essentially fighting air, which looks pretty silly by itself.

"We'd be photographing air," the director continues, "and then pan over to a skeleton that wasn't there, saying his line of dialogue, and panning back to another skeleton. We had a lot of technical discussions about how to pull focus to a fictional point of reference while still keeping the excitement of a combat scene. We really didn't want to get into motion control and that sort of static, sterile composition."

Always on the cutting edge, the artisans at ILM rose to the challenge.

THE STUNTS

"The biggest trick for George and the stunt team was how early on we had to shoot the skeletons," says Verbinski. "Because our delivery schedule was so insane, we had to shoot completely out of order and begin even before we were able to figure out exactly how we wanted the fight sequences to fit into the rest of the action. That's also why we had to build some ships on stage and some down in the Caribbean. All of those factors presented a lot of challenges in terms of rehearsal time."

In early November 2002, production moved to San Pedro to begin shooting in the Port of Los Angeles and dockside with the Interceptor and the Dauntless. Portions of intricate ship-to-ship battles and elaborate fight scenes were staged in the South Bay, some of which were then completed in the Caribbean. For close to two weeks, shooting at night with the temperature dipping into the 40s, stuntmen and actors alike scaled the ship's rigging, climbing over her bulwark and onto the deck, in a surprise attack. Suddenly dozens of pirates and sailors were dueling to the death, dueling over and over again, until Verbinski, his cinematographer and stunt coordinator were satisfied. Then Verbinski would find a new angle for his camera, and the action would start again and keep going until sunrise.

"There are moments when the pirates get involved where it gets a bit vicious," Verbinski says, "but it's a tricky balance because I want my seven-yearold son to be able to see this."

When Keira Knightley first glanced at the script, she had no idea what physical feats would be demanded of her. "I remember thinking to myself, 'Oh, this is going to be easy! I'll sit in the back of carriages, I'll wear pretty dresses, I'll pout a bit; it will be fun,'" she jokes at her own expense. "I never imagined the amount of stunt work I'd do, and for someone as lazy as I am, it was rather challenging."

Every pirate movie requires that someone "walk the plank." In "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl," Johnny Depp and Keira Knightley spent almost three entire shooting days standing at the end of a long two-by-four, protruding from the side of the Black Pearl's deck, 15 feet over the rolling ocean waves. No stunt person, no body double, no look-alike or dead ringer need apply; it was Johnny and Keira balancing at the end of that plank.

"I'd been standing on that plank for two days, with nothing but air around me and water below. I was absolutely petrified," recalls Knightley. "The plank is quite narrow like a diving board, so it bounces up and down when you move and even when you just stand there.

"When it came time to jump off the board, Gore told me I didn't have to do it, that he'd have my stunt double, Sonia, do it," she continues. "I said, 'I've been standing up here for two days! Do you really think I'm not going to jump off this thing?' So I jumped in that long dress. I was terrified. I asked Gore if he wanted me to scream and he just said, 'Whatever comes out.' I screamed my head off. The only interesting bit was when I hit the water and the dress went over my head, I showed off my knickers. I was so girly, but I was proud of myself. I don't know what I must have looked like," she laughs. Despite her initial fear, Knightley came up smiling, unscathed by the experience.

"Attempting to swim fully clothed in pirate gear with boots strapped to your legs was more difficult than I'd imagined," agrees Johnny Depp. "The stunt work on this film was infinitely more intense than other stunts I've done, and I was dragged on the ground for blocks by a team of horses in 'Sleepy Hollow!'" he jokes. "Luckily I had a great stunt double in Tony Angelotti who took care of me and made me look good. I just stepped in and made faces."

COSTUMES, MAKEUP AND HAIR:
THE PIRATE LOOK


Gore Verbinski knew exactly what he wanted his Pirates of the Caribbean to look-and smell-like. "I didn't want these pirates to look similar to what we've all seen before," Verbinski explains. "No hooks for hands or eye patches everywhere. I didn't want to see trick-or-treat belts or striped shirts. In reading about that period, it's clear that people didn't live very long; they were essentially rotting away. Ships leaked, there was nothing in the way of medical attention, and not a lot of personal hygiene. Things were pretty disgusting. Strange as it may seem, it was fun finding that disgusting quality and texture as we began casting extras and creating the looks of all the pirates. Some of the extras were so dedicated, you could smell it," he laughs.

"It's ultimately about the teeth," the director continues. "If you get the teeth right, you're okay." On his own, Johnny Depp had his dentist cap four teeth: one in 14 karat gold, one in 18 karat gold, another in 22 karat gold, and the last in platinum. "It's mathematics. He's a pirate. You expect it. I wanted more, but Jerry wasn't particularly enthused," he laughs.

Costume designer Penny Rose went to portrait galleries, maritime museums and other resources to learn about costumes from the period. "I spent three weeks just absorbing the ideas," she explains. She also consulted with British pirate expert David Cordingly, author of such books as Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates. "David came in and spent the day with us, and we just fired questions at him like, 'Port Royal, Jamaica-who would have lived there?' Well, out of his wallet comes a list of how many blacksmiths, how many this, how many that-he had already done this material over and over again! He had also worked on several films, so he understood that we weren't going for historic reproduction. It's the little nuances that he was really helpful with."

Rose wanted lots of movement in the costumes, since there is so much action in the movie. Some of the film's signature costume pieces included full shirts with very big sleeves, which echoed the Errol Flynn look. In addition, "The coats all had six or eight pleats in the back, so they had plenty of movement, but they actually fit," Rose explains. Rose was also concerned about the Caribbean heat during filming, so "everything was made out of silk or linen or cotton so nobody had anything scratchy or heavy on. And they move. You see them during film fighting, and they've got a lot of movement."

The crew went to great lengths to maintain authenticity from head to toe-Jack Sparrow's sword is an original that dates from the 1750s. Many of the swords used in the film are originals, purchased in London.

For Johnny Depp, his character came together in every respect during the costume fittings and makeup/hair tests that traditionally take place a few weeks prior to filming on every movie. "The first day I was in full makeup and wardrobe, seeing the guy for the first time, I was very pleased because I knew it was Captain Jack," he says. "Gore came in, looked and said, 'Yeah, that's it.' He got it immediately; he knew where I was going with the character. He supported it, he understood it and he got the humor. It was the beginning of a great relationship."

Jack Davenport, in the self-described "ice cream" costume, admits, "my costume did do a lot of the work for me. It's a cheap laugh, especially when you play an authority figure who constantly loses authority." Will Turner, as the blacksmith, has a simpler, cleaner look, although his overall appearance transforms by the end of the film. "Will has an identity crisis," explains Verbinski. "When he encounters Jack Sparrow, he turns from this lovable, earnest dork into a romantic leading man. His hair comes down, his body language changes, all due to his interaction with Jack and the effect they have on each other."

Elizabeth Swann not only makes an emotional transition throughout the course of the film, she also makes the most dramatic physical change. "I've got the best of both worlds," says Keira Knightley. "I get to look every bit the prim and proper young lady in beautiful dresses, albeit tied up in a corset; then I get to wear a sexier, looser gown that's been hand-selected by Barbossa; and by the end I'm barely in a shift, wet and freezing; and then I had the opportunity to wear a soldier's uniform. My costumes ran the gamut. Poor boys, they wore the same outfit every day for six months," she laughs.

Nearly 400 London-made wigs and hairpieces were used in the film. Orlando Bloom was the only major actor who didn't wear a wig, but he wasn't entirely spared-he was given hair extensions that took between 5 and 6 hours to attach.

THE DISNEY RIDE

"I grew up in San Diego and all five of us kids would load into the station wagon and my parents would drive us up to Anaheim," says Verbinski. "Back then you could see the Matterhorn from the freeway, and the big thing would be who could see it first. The first ride we would always go on was Pirates of the Caribbean. Something in the song and in the images of the ride is ingrained in our collective psyche. It was very scary when I was young, yet we celebrate that macabre sensibility. We're trying to do a contemporary version of that while keeping the same spirit of the ride."

The filmmakers are quick to point out that the film is an homage to the popular Disney ride, not a direct interpretation of the attraction itself, although they did rely on sketches and original concept drawings by Mark Davis, one of the ride's innovators, for reference points.

"Since we use the title of the ride, it's important to give an appreciative nod to the artistry of so many people who worked to put it together," says Bruckheimer. "If the ride itself weren't as good as it is, it wouldn't have stood the test of time and captivated so many of us for over 35 years. It's the seed from where the idea for the movie began."

"I remember being enthralled and completely buying the illusion of the sky and being outdoors as the ride begins," says Ted Elliott. "But the minute the skull started talking, and for the rest of the ride, I felt a combination of utter dread and excitement. I just knew that the scariest thing I was ever going to see was going to pop out," he recalls with a laugh. "It was frightening and fascinating at the same time; it's an amazing ride.

"And that's what we wanted to do with the script," he explains. "We wanted to come up with a story that would affect people emotionally, so that audiences would feel something akin to what I felt as a kid the first time I experienced Pirates of the Caribbean, and we had to make it appeal to audiences across an entire age spectrum."

"The ride provides a narrative," Terry Rossio explains further. "It brings you in quietly, and then there's a dramatic turn and escalating conflict. Mark Davis and, of course, Walt Disney did an amazing job. Serious fans of the ride will look for and recognize similarities, even in small details, such as the crab in the sand next to the back-stabbed skeleton. I couldn't believe we actually had a crab wrangler on set, I was so pleased to see that attention to detail. So the movie offers plenty of vignettes and tributes to the ride. But more importantly, for us, we hope people will find the same spirit of excitement, fear and humor they experienced when they first plummeted down into those haunted caves."

***

"I think this movie is for anyone who enjoys a sprawling adventure," says Gore Verbinski. "It's got action, romance, intrigue. I think there's a child in all of us who enjoys these kinds of movies that are exciting, fun, with oddball characters, conflict and resolution."

Funny as it may seem, the word 'sprawling' was a big surprise to Johnny Depp. Despite his fondness for the script and his devotion to the intricacies and idiosyncrasies of his character, he was utterly unaware of the production's magnitude and the enthusiastic public response. "I actually never saw the project as particularly gigantic," Depp admits. "Oddly, it wasn't until I saw some rough cuts for the trailer that I suddenly realized, 'Oh my God, this is huge!' It felt like we were doing an intimate little pirate movie," he laughs. "It was a friendly, easy set, very collaborative, and just didn't give the impression of being some enormous production."

After Depp's four-year-old daughter saw the trailer, "She actually went around telling people what her father did for a living: 'Yeah, my daddy's a pirate!' I was quite proud," says Depp.

"The elements you need to produce a biggerthan- life adventure sometimes aren't all that sexy on their own," says Jerry Bruckheimer. "It's our job to make the difficult, painstaking details appear effortless. We want to amaze the audience so that you can lose yourself and forget your troubles for just a little while. And that's just what audiences will enjoy.

"There's romance, there's adventure and there's a lot of humor in the film," the producer raves. "You're in for a terrific, romantic ride."
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