|
Helping
to keep Pixar on the cutting edge of computer animation technology
was a team of technical experts. On "Monsters, Inc.," two-time Oscar
winner Tom Porter served as supervising technical director and was
in charge of overseeing all aspects of modeling, shading, lighting,
and rendering. Under Porter's initiative, a new organization called
the Shots Department was established and supervised by Galyn Susman.
This department assigned the film's 1500 shots to individual sequence
supervisors and technical directors, who would follow each shot
through all stages of the production process.
Eben
Ostby was the supervisor in charge of the modeling department. In
this area, clay sculptures of the faces were created and digitized
for the main characters while nearly 50 other miscellaneous monsters
were created in the computer from a virtual kit of parts. Learning
from their experience on the two "Toy Story" films and "A Bug's
Life," the modelers used a proprietary program called "Geppetto"
to add more controls allowing the animators more subtle movements.
In terms of complexity, Ostby estimates that Sulley, Mike, and Boo
were considerably more complex than Buzz and Woody and had 30-40%
more controls than even the lifelike Al (of Al's Toy Barn fame)
from "Toy Story 2."
Adding
to the film's stylish look were production designers Harley Jessup
and Bob Pauley. The early design phase for the film included research
trips to industrial towns and to nearby factories with assembly
lines. Taking the lead from Docter, they began establishing a look
and logic for Monstropolis. This meant creating the internal workings
for Monsters, Inc. from its "Scare Floor" to its "door vault" (which
includes 5.7 million individual and identifiable closet doors on
hundreds of mile-long conveyor belts). The factory itself has a
1960s sensibility and was intended to feel slightly outdated. In
all, 22 different sets were designed for the film ranging from Boo's
bedroom to the trendy Sushi eatery, Harryhausen's, and the remote
blizzard-bound home of the Yeti.
Art
directors Tia Kratter and Dominique Louis lent their talents to
creating the color palette, lighting and shading parameters for
the film. Kratter, a classically trained background artist, worked
with a team of digital painters to set the colors and textures.
Her extensive research included studies of llama, yak, goat and
sheep fur as well as visits to junkyards to analyze welded metals
for the factory scenes. She also helped to finalize the colors for
the characters. Louis set the ambience and lighting for the film
by creating a series of pastel drawings to establish the mood. Through
these paintings, he was able to communicate his wonderful sense
of color and value, bringing vibrancy and focus to the images. The
pastels were then given to the lighting department, which used them
to guide the look of the final shots.
The art directors worked closely with supervising lighting lead
JeanClaude Kalache and shading supervisor Rick Sayre to achieve
the look and ambience indicated by the creative team. Sayre and
the shading team created thousands of shaders for this rich and
complex film to give the monster world a stylized and textured look.
Another key member of the production team was layout supervisor
Ewan Johnson, who continued Pixar's pioneering efforts in providing
alternate coverage to the filmmakers for any given scene. Sophie
Vincelette supervised the set dressing department, a new innovation
that takes the various digital objects and props and creatively
assembles them. Kori Rae served as the film's associate producer.
Jim Stewart was the film editor.
With regard to animation, Pixarians, Glenn McQueen and Rich Quade
reprised their roles as supervisors. McQueen most recently served
as supervising animator on "Toy Story 2."
Quade was a supervising animator on both "A Bug's Life," and the
original "Toy Story." Doug Sweetland and Scott Clark were the film's
directing animators. A team of more than 35 animators worked on
the film including character leads Andrew Gordon (Mike Wazowski),
John Kahrs (Sulley) and Dave DeVan (Boo). Characters ranged in complexity
from the eight-armed lizard-like Randall to the one-eyed Mike Wazowski,
who animators found harder to animate than meets the eye.
Acclaimed
composer/songwriter Randy Newman, who has scored all three of the
previous Disney/Pixar features, once again lends his impressive
musical talents. For "'Monsters, Inc." Newman used 1940s jazz influences
to capture the fun and spirit of the film. The score features such
eclectic instruments as a bass harmonica, mandolin and accordion.
He also composed an end credit song called "If I Didn't Have You,"
which is a delightful duet by Sulley (Goodman) and Mike (Crystal).
Another of Pixar's favorite collaborators, multiple Academy Award®
winner and Skywalker Sound's resident sound designer Gary Rydstrom,
worked his magic to create the sounds of Monstropolis and to create
a masterful mix for the film's soundtrack.
"Monsters, Inc." has the distinction of being the first film to
be animated at Pixar Animation Studios' new 218,000-square-foot
state-of-the-art facility in Emeryville, California. The new studio
opened in November 2000 and has become home to nearly 600 of the
industrys top animators and technicians. The release of "Monsters,
Inc." coincides with Pixar's 15th anniversary. Steve Jobs acquired
the company from Lucasfilm in 1986 and incorporated it as an independent
company at that time.
|