Monday, October 31, 2005

A History of Violence

—1. Overview (multimedia)
—2. Overview Basic (dial up speed)
—3. Reviews and Blogs
—4. Cast and Crew
—5. Photo Pages
—6. Trailers, Clips, DVDs, Books, Soundtrack
—7. Posters
—8. Production Notes (pdf)
—9. Spiritual Connections


A HISTORY OF VIOLENCEJust to prove that I can be as small-minded as the next person, my first comment upon emerging from A History of Violence was, “Well, that was… gratuitous.� From the lingering shots of bullet-riddled heads to sex scenes that went places few mainstream films have gone before, I shook my head as I walked through the lobby and thought, “That’s Cronenberg for you.� What else could I expect from the man who brought us films like Videodrome, The Fly, Naked Lunch, and Crash (1996)—the latter being about a subculture of people who get sexually aroused by car accidents?

And yet, as much as Cronenberg’s films have pushed the limits of good taste, they have always been about much more than grossing out an audience. Sexuality, identity, alienation, technology, spirituality, violence, and the very nature of existence itself are merely some of the areas Cronenberg has explored through film. You may not always agree with his conclusions; but you have to admit that he have a knack for getting the discussion started—or at least creating awkward silences at cocktail parties. So you can imagine that as I walked into A History of Violence—a movie I had been eagerly anticipating for months—I was ready for him to lob yet another grenade into our ever more conservative midst and ignite a firestorm of controversy, argument, and disgust.

EnlargeInstead of an explosion, however, what I heard instead was a mind-numbing thud. When the movie was over, the grenade just lay there on the ground. I thought that perhaps Cronenberg had forgotten to pull the pin. So I bent down to pick it up, turning it over in my hands. Nope, no pin. But no explosion either. Weird. Could it have been a dud? The disgust portion of the film had definitely registered. But where was the scintillating intellectual and artistic statement? In contrast to Cronenberg’s previous work, this film seemed to be about nothing more than it was on the surface—a man with a violent past that finally catches up to him. What a bummer. Had Cronenberg finally sold out?

I carried the grenade around for about three days before it finally went off. That’s when I realized pulling a pin wouldn’t detonate it; it used a timer. The explosion occurred while I was voicing my disappointment about the film to a friend.

“Wait a second,� he said. “I think you’re missing something.�

“Oh yeah, what’s that?�

“Just imagine if Tom Stall is America.�

I thought about it for a moment. Tom Stall as America… Of course!

KABOOM!

When the smoke cleared, suddenly an entirely new vista opened up to me. Tom Stall was America! The parallels were too obvious to ignore. Like Tom, America likes to think it is all about small towns and apple pie, but it has a history of violence as well! All it takes to reveal that history is a “clear and present danger.� For Tom, it was two hit men with guns in his diner. For America, it could be anything—9/11 perhaps? It doesn’t matter, because at that point, instinct kicks in, and the enemy is dispatched in an efficient albeit ghastly manner. (That’s the reason for the lingering shots of gore, says Cronenberg. Too often we cheer for the good guys without facing up to the true cost of victory.)

Bad guys dead, problem solved, right? Not by a long shot. The immediate threat is removed, but it turns out these guys had friends—powerful friends—and Tom may have a history of violence with them as well. Sound familiar in terms of America? If not, just think about it for a while… Suddenly, more bad guys show up. Now Tom and his apple pie-loving small town have a huge problem on their hands. Where life used to be about faith, family, and football, now all anyone is concerned about is security. Getting the picture now?

And look what’s happening to the next generation! Preferring to live a peaceful existence, Tom’s son used to let the local bully push him around. But when his father’s actions at the diner make him a hero, Tom’s son decides to follow in his father’s footsteps and fight back, putting the bully in the hospital. Later on, he even takes out one of the bad guys with a shotgun. Now he’s a cold-blooded killer, too, just like daddy. But instead of making him happy, suddenly, he couldn’t be more miserable! Worst of all, he realizes his father has been lying to him. He isn’t about apple pie at all. He’s as bad as the guys he’s been killing, if not worse.

And the sex! Could it be that a history of violence has intruded upon this sacred act as well? Nonsense, you say. Oh really? Cronenberg begs to differ, via his infamous “scene upon the stairs.� I’m still trying to decide which term best describes what goes on there—sex or violence—but I do know this much: the scene is profoundly disturbing.

By the end of the film, Tom Stall manages to gun down or otherwise slaughter every last one of his enemies—including his brother, who was behind the whole thing. (Hmm… Now what could that mean in terms of our Tom Stall/America connection?) At this point, we should be happy for him. The enemy is gone, his family is safe, and their small town should be free to go back to their apple pie loving ways.

But can we really get off the hook that easily? Can Tom? He may have eliminated his enemies, but he has paid a terrible price. When he returns from the carnage, in place of the friendly, family man we used to know is a steely-eyed killer, a man who reaches out with hands of love but only causes others to shrink back in fear now that they know full well what other things those hands are capable of doing.

Is there a lesson here for America as well? Perhaps, but who am I to say? I’m merely a Canadian, as is Cronenberg, and we can be very bit as small-minded as our neighbors to the south—gratuitous, too, in our praise as well as our critiques. But this isn’t about standing along the border and pointing fingers. Canadians have a history of violence as well. Just ask our First Nations people. Therefore, rather than seek to lay blame, if anything, this film should prompt us toward self-examination. Are we actively seeking to prevent a history of violence from continuing, or are we tacitly allowing it to persist, both at home and abroad? Are we, like Tom, living in denial about our true nature? Not a comfortable thought, but thank God for people like Cronenberg who are willing to toss the occasional grenade into the midst of a crowded cocktail party. Rather than destroy us, such intrusions may be exactly what is required for our salvation.

—1. Overview (multimedia)
—2. Overview Basic (dial up speed)
—3. Reviews and Blogs
—4. Cast and Crew
—5. Photo Pages
—6. Trailers, Clips, DVDs, Books, Soundtrack
—7. Posters
—8. Production Notes (pdf)
—9. Spiritual Connections

Friday, October 28, 2005

The Gospel According to Oprah

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(Marcia Z. Nelson, Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2005, 106 pages)


THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO OPRAHComing rather late in the game in terms of the “Gospel According to…� genre (which has featured books on The Simpsons, Harry Potter, and Dr. Seuss, among others), one might expect The Gospel According to Oprah to fall into the “day late and a dollar short� category. Far from it. Seeking to discern the mystery of Oprah’s allure to millions of viewers and readers around the world, author Marcia Z. Nelson has written a taut little book that is bound to appeal to Oprah fans and foes alike.

The first thing that struck me about this book is how much it resembles Oprah’s show: Pleasant to look at, emotionally and intellectually engaging, conversational and yet not too familiar, nutritious and yet easily digestible, and just long enough to whet your appetite for her subject matter without making you long for a commercial break. Seeing as Nelson’s research involved watching Oprah’s show for one year, reading dozens of O magazines, and corresponding with fans via Oprah’s web site, it’s no surprise that her tone and format are so ideally suited to the Queen of Daytime’s fans. And yet, it is an achievement worth noting, seeing as few people have been able to emulate Oprah’s ability to give the people what they want. Perhaps it won’t be long before Oprah, herself, comes calling…[1]

The other thing that impressed me about this book is the clarity of Nelson’s thinking. Neither overly gushy nor overly critical and without wasting a word, she accurately—I think—discerns “ten reasons why Oprah is a compelling and successful spiritual teacher in spiritually eclectic and ever-practical America.� Some of these reasons include Oprah’s humanness, the way she provides community for her viewers, her ability to listen, her emphasis on generosity, gratitude, and forgiveness, and her ability to keep things simple. These ten reasons form the skeleton of Nelson’s book, with a brief, insightful chapter devoted to each.

Beyond simply explaining Oprah’s appeal, however, Nelson goes a step further by seeking to understand what function Oprah plays in society. Is she an entertainer? A preacher? A confessor? A self-help guru? A scam artist? All of the above? Also, what does her popularity mean? What does Oprah’s appeal say about her? What does it say about us? I won’t divulge all of Nelson’s answers to these questions, but I will say that she comes out with a decidedly positive verdict, and her reasons for doing so are definitely worth the read.

Love Oprah or hate her—Is there really another option?—I can guarantee you will enjoy this book. In fact, as was the case with me, you may discover that your opinion on Oprah reveals as much about yourself as it does about her, which merely proves Nelson’s fourth secret to Oprah’s appeal: Oprah encourages self-examination. And there’s nothing wrong with that.

[1] Which would be ironic, seeing as Oprah’s people would not allow Nelson access to her during the writing of this book.

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Wednesday, October 26, 2005

Inside Narnia

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(Devin Brown, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2005, 256 pages)


INSIDE NARNIAAs if the scholarly and popular appetite for new books on C.S. Lewis and his works knows no bounds, Baker Books has brought out nothing less than a full-length literary analysis of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe—just in time for Christmas and the upcoming movie.

While the book’s subtitle bills it as “A Guide to Exploring The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe,� if you substitute the word “guide� with “commentary,� you’ll have a much better idea of what Inside Narnia is all about. In true CSI fashion, author Devin Brown dusts for fingerprints and shines his ultraviolet light into every nook and cranny of Narnia seeking clues that will deepen our appreciation of Lewis’s best-loved book. Ever wonder who Lucy is and why Lewis dedicated this book to her? Look no further. Ever wonder why Lewis chose beavers as the first talking animals the children encounter in Narnia? Wonder no more. And if you’ve ever been puzzled by the appearance of Father Christmas in this story, don’t worry, Brown offers an opinion on this and dozens of other major and minor details as well.

To be honest, my first response to this book was “Enough already!� Agreed: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is one of the greatest pieces of children’s literature ever written, but do we really need to subject it to this sort of comprehensive literary scrutiny? Surely a work of this nature will only be of interest to Lewis scholars and the most dedicated of fans. Then again, I suppose Brown has correctly identified a gap in the marketplace. As he notes in his preface, most of the scholarly and popular books on the Narnia stories take a devotional rather than a literary approach, and the few non-devotional works devote merely a single chapter to each of the Chronicles. Furthermore, even though The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe “can be simply read and enjoyed as a child,� the meaning and satisfaction we derive from this story will only be deepened by Brown’s painstaking effort to draw connections between different passages within the book, other works by Lewis, events in Lewis’s life, and the work of writers who influenced the writing of the Chronicles.

So perhaps this book is justified, if only to provide fodder for the ever-growing cottage industry of grad students and professors who scour Lewis’s works like they are the Scriptures themselves. I can only imagine that if this book is successful, Brown plans to follow it up with six more of the same, one on each of the other Chronicles. And if he does, more power to him. Just because I think it borders on overkill does not mean it contains nothing of value. In fact, if I were an undergrad student writing a paper on the Chronicles, I would be delighted to discover the existence of this tome. Inside Narnia reflects a tremendous amount of research, and I am certain that dedicated Lewis fans as well as those who have just entered the wardrobe will be forever grateful for the work Brown has done here.

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